基于原位双环、试坑浸水试验和数值模拟反演的Q3黄土饱和渗透系数对比研究     

蒋小虎  黄跃廷  胡海军  陈铄  陈锐  王崇华  汪慧  康顺祥 《岩土力学》2022,43(11):2941-2951

为准确获取原状Q3黄土的竖向和水平饱和渗透系数,进行了原位、室内试验测试以及数值模拟反演,并应用大型试坑浸水试验检验了所获饱和渗透系数的可靠性。进行了不同内径尺寸的原位双环入渗试验,获取了竖向饱和渗透系数,并应用室内试验测试了竖向和水平饱和渗透系数以及持水曲线;应用COMSOL软件对双环入渗试验进行数值模拟,检验了所测饱和渗透系数的可靠性,利用正交试验获得了最优的竖向和水平饱和渗透系数取值,并利用反演结果对试坑进行数值模拟,将其水分入渗情况与实测值对比。研究结果表明：在现场进行双环入渗试验时选取较大内径的双环获得的竖向饱和渗透系数更为合理。针对双环入渗试验,数值模拟反演所得最优饱和渗透系数在竖向上接近于原位试验所得竖向饱和渗透系数、水平向上接近室内所测水平向饱和渗透系数,竖向饱和渗透系数比水平向饱和渗透系数更加显著地影响水分入渗过程。通过对大型试坑水分入渗情况的验证,检验了反演所得最优饱和渗透系数的可靠性。  相似文献   

东特提斯喜马拉雅下白垩统碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及其古地理          下载免费PDF全文

焦显伟  石玉若  杨天水  边伟伟  王锁  彭文骁 《地球科学》2021,46(8):2850-2859

东特提斯喜马拉雅在中生代位于东冈瓦纳大陆的结合部位,其古地理对于了解东冈瓦纳大陆裂解至关重要.对东特提斯喜马拉雅塔嘎地区沉积地层进行了详细的碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究.结果表明,东特提斯喜马拉雅塔嘎地区采样剖面沉积下限为126.6±2.7 Ma.碎屑锆石年龄谱显示东特提斯喜马拉雅塔嘎地区采样地层主要包含~520 Ma、~890 Ma和~1 200 Ma的特征峰值年龄,对比结果表明东特提斯喜马拉雅塔嘎地区沉积地层碎屑锆石年龄谱与印度东部和澳大利亚西南部地层碎屑锆石年龄谱具有一定的相似性.结合东冈瓦纳岩浆活动记录以及该剖面下部玄武岩年龄,东特提斯喜马拉雅塔嘎地区地层沉积于东特提斯喜马拉雅从东冈瓦纳大陆分离时期,其物质来源可能为印度东部、澳大利亚西南部以及南极大陆.   相似文献   

The first discovery of axinite in the Furong tin deposit,southern Hunan: An important boron -bearing mineral and its implications for tin mineralizationSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

胡阿香  彭建堂  索梦颖 《岩石学报》2023,(6):1730-1742

世界上绝大部分锡矿床均与富F、Cl、Li、B等挥发份的高分异花岗岩有关,前人对F、Cl、Li等组份在花岗质岩浆演化及锡成矿过程中的作用已有较为深入的认识,但对挥发份B关注较少。南岭中段的芙蓉超大型锡矿床是我国重要锡矿产地,我们首次在该矿床发现了硼硅酸盐矿物中罕见的斧石,为研究挥发份B对锡成矿的作用提供了机会。通过详细的岩石学、矿物学和地球化学研究,揭示了斧石的产出特征、晶体结构和化学成分特征,进而探讨了挥发份B与该区花岗岩成岩成矿的关系。芙蓉锡矿床新发现的斧石为丁香褐色、块状构造、硬度较大,显微镜下呈无色、浅黄色等,主要为自形尖劈状的楔形、长条状等自形结构、正高突起、干涉色较低,与符山石、萤石、石榴子石、榍石等矿物共生。电子探针分析表明,芙蓉矿床的斧石属铁斧石,其平均化学式为Ca_(2.22)(Fe_(0.52),Mn_(0.41),Mg_(0.13))1.06Al_(2.11)B_(0.72)Si_(3.98)O_(15.5)。结合前人研究成果,芙蓉矿床斧石、电气石、硼镁铁矿等富B矿物的广泛产出,指示了骑田岭花岗岩富含挥发份B;硅酸盐熔体中挥发份B的存在,能降低岩浆粘度,增加岩浆的结晶分异程度,延长岩浆寿命,进而有利于Sn等不相容元素在岩浆演化过程中向残余熔体富集。B与锡成矿的关系密切,岩浆中的B能提高源区Sn的萃取效率,增加原始岩浆中Sn的含量;B能形成锡的络合物,有利于锡的长距离运移;B与Sn具有相似的地球化学行为,在岩浆演化过程中,富集于残余熔体中,进一步演化后富集于成矿流体中。此外,在芙蓉锡矿床,随着含B矿物的不断被发现,表明该矿床可能具有寻找伴生硼矿的潜力。  相似文献   

盾构下穿高铁路基变形规律模型试验研究     

刘勇  周怡晟  索晓明  樊浩博  曹毅泽  杜志田 《岩土力学》2023,(4):941-951

为了探究盾构下穿施工对高铁路基U型槽结构和地层的变形影响规律,以拟建的石家庄市轨道交通4号线下穿京石高速铁路路基为工程背景,基于几何相似比配制了地层和结构模型试验材料,设计了试验监测系统,采用φ1 200 mm小型盾构机进行了盾构隧洞顶距路基管桩底不同距离的2组室内模型试验。结果表明：随着距离盾构隧道拱顶距离的增大,地层沉降减小,盾构施工对地层的影响范围约为2倍洞径,显著影响区为1倍洞径;随着埋深的增大,盾构施工引起结构下方地层的沉降减小,距盾构隧道顶距离分别为0.5倍洞径和1倍洞径时沉降最大差值为10%;U型槽结构与相邻地层间产生脱空,盾尾脱出阶段发生的地层沉降占比大于74%。建议管片拼装完成后采用保水性好且有一定早期强度的注浆填充材料,以控制沉降变形,同时进行地层深孔注浆,及时充填松动地层孔隙,增加地层密实度。  相似文献   

Arctic sea ice and Eurasian climate: A review   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

GAO Yongqi  SUN Jianqi  LI Fei  HE Shengping  Stein SANDVEN  YAN Qing  ZHANG Zhongshi  Katja LOHMANN  Noel KEENLYSIDE  Tore FUREVIK  SUO Lingling 《大气科学进展》2015,32(1):92-114

The Arctic plays a fundamental role in the climate system and has shown significant climate change in recent decades,including the Arctic warming and decline of Arctic sea-ice extent and thickness. In contrast to the Arctic warming and reduction of Arctic sea ice, Europe, East Asia and North America have experienced anomalously cold conditions, with record snowfall during recent years. In this paper, we review current understanding of the sea-ice impacts on the Eurasian climate.Paleo, observational and modelling studies are covered to summarize several major themes, including: the variability of Arctic sea ice and its controls; the likely causes and apparent impacts of the Arctic sea-ice decline during the satellite era,as well as past and projected future impacts and trends; the links and feedback mechanisms between the Arctic sea ice and the Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation, the recent Eurasian cooling, winter atmospheric circulation, summer precipitation in East Asia, spring snowfall over Eurasia, East Asian winter monsoon, and midlatitude extreme weather; and the remote climate response(e.g., atmospheric circulation, air temperature) to changes in Arctic sea ice. We conclude with a brief summary and suggestions for future research.  相似文献   

Basaltic and Solution Reference Materials for Iron,Copper and Zinc Isotope Measurements     

Jin Li  Suo‐han Tang  Xiang‐kun Zhu  Zhi‐hong Li  Shi‐Zhen Li  Bin Yan  Yue Wang  Jian Sun  Yao Shi  Aiguo Dong  Nick S. Belshaw  Xingchao Zhang  Sheng‐ao Liu  Ji‐hua Liu  Deli Wang  Shao‐yong Jiang  KeJun Hou  Anthony S. Cohen 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2019,43(1):163-175

Iron, Cu and Zn stable isotope systems are applied in constraining a variety of geochemical and environmental processes. Secondary reference materials have been developed by the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS), in collaboration with other participating laboratories, comprising three solutions (CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn) and one basalt (CAGS‐Basalt). These materials exhibit sufficient homogeneity and stability for application in Fe, Cu and Zn isotopic ratio determinations. Reference values were determined by inter‐laboratory analytical comparisons involving up to eight participating laboratories employing MC‐ICP‐MS techniques, based on the unweighted means of submitted results. Isotopic compositions are reported in per mil notation, based on reference materials IRMM‐014 for Fe, NIST SRM 976 for Cu and IRMM‐3702 for Zn. Respective reference values of CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn solutions are as follows: δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.83 ± 0.07 and δ⁵⁷Fe = 1.20 ± 0.13, δ⁶⁵Cu = 0.57 ± 0.06, and δ⁶⁶Zn = ?0.79 ± 0.12 and δ⁶⁸Zn = ?1.65 ± 0.24, respectively. Those of CAGS‐Basalt are δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.15 ± 0.07, δ⁵⁷Fe = 0.22 ± 0.10, δ⁶⁵Cu = 0.12 ± 0.08, δ⁶⁶Zn = 0.17 ± 0.13, and δ⁶⁸Zn = 0.34 ± 0.26 (2s).  相似文献   

Redefining the Age of the Cenozoic Shanwang Formation in Shanwang Basin     

YU Jifeng  ZHAO Xiangguang  PANG Xinlong  JASON Hilton  FU Wenzhao  ZHAO Xiuli  SONG Zhaojun  HU Jialiang  LU Lei  ZHANG Hongjun  YANG Ziqun  QIAO Wenyan  SHI Suo 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(4):1491-1492

<正>Objective The Shanwang Basin is a small Cenozoic sedimentary basin located in Linqu county,Shandong province.The Shanwang Formation,especially the diatomaceous shale member,contains diverse and finely preserved flora and fauna fossils(Fig.1).Previous paleontological study and radiometric dating show that it was formed in the Miocene.However,on the precise age of the formation,there are such different opinions as Late Miocene,Middle  相似文献   

The potential hydrothermal systems unexplored in the Southwest Indian Ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yanhui Suo  Sanzhong Li  Xiyao Li  Zhen Zhang  Dong Ding 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2017,38(1-2):61-70

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents possess complex ecosystems and abundant metallic mineral deposits valuable to human being. On-axial vents along tectonic plate boundaries have achieved prominent results and obtained huge resources, while nearly 90% of the global mid-ocean ridge and the majority of the off-axial vents buried by thick oceanic sediments within plates remain as relatively undiscovered domains. Based on previous detailed investigations, hydrothermal vents have been mapped along five sections along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) with different bathymetry, spreading rates, and gravity features, two at the western end (10°–16°E Section B and 16°–25°E Section C) and three at the eastern end (49°–52°E Section D, 52°–61°E Section E and 61°–70°E Section F). Hydrothermal vents along the Sections B, C, E and F with thin oceanic crust are hosted by ultramafic rocks under tectonic-controlled magmatic-starved settings, and hydrothermal vents along the Section D are associated with exceed magmatism. Limited coverage of investigations is provided along the 35°–47°E SWIR (between Marion and Indomed fracture zones) and a lot of research has been done around the Bouvet Island, while no hydrothermal vents has been reported. Analyzing bathymetry, gravity and geochemical data, magmatism settings are favourable for the occurrence of hydrothermal systems along these two sections. An off-axial hydrothermal system in the southern flank of the SWIR that exhibits ultra-thin oceanic crust associated with an oceanic continental transition is postulated to exist along the 100-Ma slow-spreading isochron in the Enderby Basin. A discrete, denser enriched or less depleted mantle beneath the Antarctic Plate is an alternative explanation for the large scale thin oceanic crust concentrated on the southern flank of the SWIR.  相似文献   

Studies on the June 23, 2010 north Ottawa M W 5.2 earthquake and vicinity seismicity     

Shutian Ma  Dariush Motazedian 《Journal of Seismology》2012,16(3):513-534

The basic parameters for the earthquake with a moment magnitude (M _W) of 5.2 on the 23rd of June 2010 have been investigated. The earthquake occurred on a hidden fault in the northwest direction about 60?km north-northeast of Ottawa in the Western Quebec Seismic Zone (WQSZ) and had a focal depth of about 21?km. The focal mechanism was a thrust type with strike in the northwest direction and dipping in the northeast direction. The relative relocations of seven larger aftershocks show that the source rupture area was about 6?km². The b value of the aftershock sequence was 0.8?C1.0, and the decay rate of the aftershocks was faster than normal cases. The dominant seismogenic depths are about 12 to 22?km in most parts of the WQSZ, while the seismogenic depth along the Ottawa?CBonnechere Graben can be as deep as 28?km. Based on the seismic activity in the WQSZ and vicinity since 1961, it seems that the periods of moderate earthquakes are about 6?C10?years.  相似文献   

Depth determination of small shallow earthquakes in eastern Canada from maximum power Rg/Sg spectral ratio   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shutian Ma  Dariush Motazedian 《Journal of Seismology》2012,16(2):107-129

For small earthquakes, focal depths can be estimated jointly when epicenters are located using the arrival times of Pg and Sg waves recorded at seismic stations close to the event. However, if regional network coverage is sparse, this approach does not give accurate results. An alternative solution is the use of the regional depth-phase modeling (RDPM) method when such depth phases are available. Small, shallow earthquakes can generate Rg waves, the amplitudes of which approximately attenuate exponentially with focal depth; whereas, the amplitudes of Sg waves are, on average, less dependent on focal depth. Based on these features, a method using the maximum power spectral ratio (MPSR) between the Rg and Sg segments was developed to determine focal depth. Tests show the focal depth solutions obtained by the MPSR and RDPM methods for five events in an earthquake swarm and one event acquired by inspection are in good agreement. The error in the MPSR-determined focal depth caused by the error in the epicentral distance is in the order of 0.1 km. The error in the focal depth when using a default focal mechanism is in the order of 0.5 km. The quality factor, Q does not generate a significant error. Using the average of focal depths can provide a more reliable solution. Using an azimuth of approximately 45° from the strike direction to generate the synthetic ratio curve can reduce the error. As with any other earthquake locating technique, a reasonable regional crustal model is required when the MPSR method is used. Case studies show that the MPSR method can be used to successfully determine focal depths for events as small as m _N 1.6.  相似文献